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Sexual Wellness Research Guide

PT-141: Dosage, Benefits & Research Guide

Also known as: Bremelanotide, PT141

Key Facts

PT-141 is a sexual wellness research peptide (C50H68N14O10, MW 1025.18 g/mol). Melanocortin receptor agonist for sexual function and immune research. It is supplied as a lyophilized powder for laboratory and in-vitro research use only — not for human consumption.

Classification Melanocortin receptor agonist (MC3R/MC4R)
Molecular Formula C50H68N14O10
Molecular Weight 1025.18 g/mol
CAS Number 189691-06-3
Research Half-Life ~2–3 hours in preclinical models
Form Lyophilized powder
Research Category Sexual Wellness

What is PT-141?

PT-141, also known as Bremelanotide, is a cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin receptor agonist derived from the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) analogue Melanotan II. Unlike PDE5 inhibitors that act on vascular smooth muscle, PT-141 operates centrally through melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) activation in the hypothalamus and limbic system, initiating downstream dopaminergic signaling pathways associated with arousal and sexual motivation. Phase III clinical trials conducted by Palatin Technologies and published in The Journal of Sexual Medicine demonstrated that PT-141 administration produced statistically significant increases in satisfying sexual events and desire scores in premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Research by Diamond et al. (2006) in the International Journal of Impotence Research showed efficacy in male subjects who had not responded to PDE5 inhibitor therapy, suggesting a fundamentally different mechanism of action. Additional preclinical studies have identified potential roles in hemorrhagic shock models, where MC receptor activation provided protective effects on organ perfusion. Compared to sildenafil (Viagra) and tadalafil (Cialis), which are peripherally acting vasodilators, PT-141 is unique in its central nervous system mechanism. This distinction is significant because it suggests PT-141 may address desire-based dysfunction rather than purely mechanical erectile function. Melanotan II, its parent compound, activates multiple MC receptors non-selectively, while PT-141 shows preferential MC4R and MC1R activity. Store lyophilized PT-141 at -20°C. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water and keep at 2-8°C, using within 4 weeks. PT-141 is investigated by sexual medicine researchers, neuroendocrinologists, and emergency medicine scientists studying melanocortin-based interventions.

PT-141 Research Applications

In published and preclinical research, PT-141 has been studied across the following areas:

  • Sexual dysfunction and arousal research
  • Hemorrhagic protection studies
  • Immune modulation via MC-1R
  • DNA repair and cancer prevention

PT-141 in Research: Reconstitution & Study Concentrations

PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a cyclic melanocortin-receptor agonist studied for central nervous system pathways related to sexual-response signaling. Research concentrations are model-specific. Reconstitute the lyophilized peptide with bacteriostatic water for laboratory use only.

Worked example: a 10mg vial reconstituted with 2 mL of bacteriostatic water yields 5.00 mg/mL.

Open the reconstitution calculator

How PT-141 Compares

Researchers frequently evaluate PT-141 alongside related compounds:

PT-141 — Frequently Asked Questions

What is PT-141 (Bremelanotide) and how does it work?
PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a cyclic heptapeptide that acts as a non-selective agonist of melanocortin receptors, primarily MC-3R and MC-4R. Unlike PDE5 inhibitors (which act on vascular smooth muscle), PT-141 works through central nervous system pathways — activating melanocortin receptors in the hypothalamus to influence sexual arousal signaling. It was derived from Melanotan II through the removal of the C-terminal amide.
What research has been done on PT-141?
PT-141 received FDA approval in 2019 (as Vyleesi) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. Phase 3 clinical trials (published in Obstetrics & Gynecology) demonstrated statistically significant improvements in sexual desire scores. Earlier research explored its efficacy in male erectile dysfunction. Preclinical studies have also investigated PT-141's role in hemorrhagic shock protection through MC-1R activation and its immunomodulatory properties.
How does PT-141 compare to Melanotan 2?
PT-141 was derived from Melanotan 2 but with important differences. Melanotan 2 activates all five melanocortin receptor subtypes, producing pigmentation (MC-1R), sexual arousal (MC-3R/MC-4R), and appetite effects. PT-141 was developed to be more selective for MC-3R and MC-4R, reducing pigmentation side effects. PT-141 also has the advantage of FDA approval and more extensive human clinical trial data than Melanotan 2.
What is the recommended reconstitution protocol for PT-141?
For this 10mg vial, add 2 mL of bacteriostatic water to yield a concentration of 5.0mg/mL. Draw 10 units on a 1mL insulin syringe for a 500 mcg dose. Inject BAC water slowly along the inner vial wall — do not shake. Allow the powder to dissolve fully (2–5 minutes). Administer 30 minutes before activity, as needed. Refrigerate reconstituted solution at 2–8°C and use within 30 days.
Is PT-141 legal to buy for research?
PT-141 is sold in the United States as a research chemical for laboratory and in-vitro use only. It is not approved by the FDA for human use and is not sold for human consumption. Researchers are responsible for compliance with all applicable federal, state, and institutional regulations.
How is PT-141 reconstituted for research use?
PT-141 ships as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder and is reconstituted with bacteriostatic or sterile water before use in research. The volume of solvent added determines the working concentration — use the Elyte reconstitution calculator to derive the exact concentration for a given vial size and solvent volume.
Does PT-141 come with a Certificate of Analysis?
Yes. Every batch of PT-141 from Elyte Peptides ships with a third-party Certificate of Analysis (COA) documenting identity and HPLC purity (≥98%), so research results can be traced to a verified lot.
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